FYP2 WEEK 4 (2)

Title :Make a drilling process after etching the circuit design

-Holes through a PCB are typically drilled with small-diameter drill bits made of solid coated tungsten carbide. Coated tungsten carbide is recommended since many board materials are very abrasive and drilling must be high RPM and high feed to be cost effective. Drill bits must also remain sharp so as not to mar or tear the traces. Drilling with high-speed-steel is simply not feasible since the drill bits will dull quickly and thus tear the copper and ruin the boards.

-In this project, I am using the Pro’s Kit super mini drill 12V to make the drilling process

Next, drill the holes using a driller.

This is the result after the board had been rubbed by sandpaper to remove the remaining copper that not been covered by carbon ink. Lastly, this circuit is ready to be constructed with the components.

FYP2 WEEK 4(1)

Title :Etching process on the copper board according to the PCB layout

Layout design using Dip-Trace software

-This is the result of PCB Layout design using Dip-Trace software. Design is ready to be printed using Toner Printer (carbon ink). The next step is to attach PCB layout on the copper board.

-Clothes iron will be used to iron the PCB design to attach on the surface of copper board.

-After attaching the PCB design on to the copper board. It will be placed into the etching acid. This process takes about 20 minutes to remove the remaining copper that is not needed.

-The simplest method, used for small-scale production and often by hobbyists, is immersion etching, in which the board is submerged in etching solution such as ferric chloride. Compared with methods used for mass production, the etching time is long. Heat and agitation can be applied to the bath to speed the etching rate. In bubble etching, air is passed through the enchant bath to agitate the solution and speed up etching.

- Chemical etching is usually done with ammonium persulfate or ferric chloride. For my project, Ferric Chloride Anhydrous powder is used for etching process.

-The results of the etching process. Copper is not needed will be eroded,only copper that covered by carbon ink will remain on the board and form a circuit.

FYP2 WEEK 3 (2)

Title : Briefing

- Briefing conducted in TTL 2 at 3 pm

- The briefing is about to give some explanation for the students who are taking the final project for Diploma and Degree programmes. The briefing is about:

·         Introduction

·         Objectives

·         Credits and duration

·         Scope of projects

·         Title selection

·         Project Assessment

·         Presentation day

·         Submission date of project

FYP2 WEEK 3 (1)

Title :Testing circuits and design the PCB Layout

- Testing each circuit on breadboard to make sure the circuit is functioning well.

- After each circuit has been tested, Dip-Trace Software is used in this project for designing the PCB Layout

PIC 16F877A

Relay 12 Volts

FYP2 WEEK 2 (2)

Title :Find the right component and tools for the project

-Buy the component at NIXIE ELECTRONICS SHOP inJalanPasar by referring to each of schematics circuit.

- Buy some tools that are used to make the project like soldering iron, drill, copper board and sand paper.

List of components needed for Relay Circuit

• ·         Relay 12 Volt
• ·         Transistor NPN 2222
• ·         Resistor 1kΩ (x2 unit)
• ·         Diode

List of components needed for PIC circuit

• ·         40-Pin IC socket
• ·         PIC 16F877A
• ·         Resistor 1kΩ (x2 unit)
• ·         Oscillator 20 MHz (crystal)
• ·         Capacitor 18pf (x2 unit)
• ·         LED
• ·         Capacitor 0.1µf (x2 unit)
• ·         LM 7805 (voltage regulator)

List of components needed for Bluetooth circuit

• ·         Bluetooth Module (HC-05)
• ·         LM1117T (voltage regulator)
• ·         Capacitor 100nf (x2 unit)
•       Other components and tools
• ·         Pin header
• ·         Pin header connector
• ·         Adaptor 12V (x2 unit)
• ·         Solenoid 12V
• ·         Jumper wire

FYP2 WEEK 2 (1)

Title :Research and findings (LM 1117T – Voltage Regulator)

ANALYSIS

Schematic diagram that will be used in the project

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FYP2 WEEK1 (2)

Title : Research and findings(relay DPDT-Double Pole Double Throw)

- Buy the components of relay DPDT and relay base socket in JalanPasar.

-Most relays are designed for PCB mounting but we can solder wires directly to the pins provided. For this situation, we must be careful to avoid melting the plastic case of the relay.

DPDT

- Double Pole Double Throw. These have two rows of change-over terminals. Equivalent to two SPDT switches or relays actuated by a single coil. In total, eight terminals when the coil is also included.